Coronavirus peplomer charge heterogeneity

Recent advancements in viral hydrodynamics afford the calculation of the transport properties of particle suspensions from first principles, namely, from the detailed particle shapes. For coronavirus suspensions, for example, the shape can be approximated by beading (i) the spherical capsid and (ii) the radially protruding peplomers. The general rigid bead-rod theory allows us to assign Stokesian hydrodynamics to each bead. Thus, viral hydrodynamics yields the suspension rotational diffusivity, but not without first arriving at a configuration for the cationic peplomers. Prior work considered identical peplomers charged identically. However, a recent pioneering experiment uncovers remarkable peplomer size and charge heterogeneities. In this work, we use energy minimization to arrange the spikes, charged heterogeneously to obtain the coronavirus spike configuration required for its viral hydrodynamics. For this, we use the measured charge heterogeneity. We consider 20 000 randomly generated possibilities for cationic peplomers with formal charges ranging from 30 to 55. We find the configurations from energy minimization of all of these possibilities to be nearly spherically symmetric, all slightly oblate, and we report the corresponding breadth of the dimensionless rotational diffusivity, the transport property around which coronavirus cell attachment revolves. © 2023 Author(s).

Coronavirus pleomorphism

The coronavirus is always idealized as a spherical capsid with radially protruding spikes. However, histologically, in the tissues of infected patients, capsids in cross section are elliptical, and only sometimes spherical [Neuman et al., "Supramolecular architecture of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus revealed by electron cryomicroscopy,"J Virol, 80, 7918 (2006)]. This capsid ellipticity implies that coronaviruses are oblate or prolate or both. We call this diversity of shapes, pleomorphism. Recently, the rotational diffusivity of the spherical coronavirus in suspension was calculated, from first principles, using general rigid bead-rod theory [Kanso et al., "Coronavirus rotational diffusivity,"Phys Fluids 32, 113101 (2020)]. We did so by beading the spherical capsid and then also by replacing each of its bulbous spikes with a single bead. In this paper, we use energy minimization for the spreading of the spikes, charged identically, over the oblate or prolate capsids. We use general rigid bead-rod theory to explore the role of such coronavirus cross-sectional ellipticity on its rotational diffusivity, the transport property around which its cell attachment revolves. We learn that coronavirus ellipticity drastically decreases its rotational diffusivity, be it oblate or prolate. © 2022 Author(s).

Peplomer bulb shape and coronavirus rotational diffusivity Note: This paper is part of the special topic, Flow and the Virus

Recently, the rotational diffusivity of the coronavirus particle in suspension was calculated, from first principles, using general rigid bead-rod theory [M. A. Kanso, Phys. Fluids 32, 113101 (2020)]. We did so by beading the capsid and then also by replacing each of its bulbous spikes with a single bead. However, each coronavirus spike is a glycoprotein trimer, and each spike bulb is triangular. In this work, we replace each bulbous coronavirus spike with a bead triplet, where each bead of the triplet is charged identically. This paper, thus, explores the role of bulb triangularity on the rotational diffusivity, an effect not previously considered. We thus use energy minimization for the spreading of triangular bulbs over the spherical capsid. The latter both translates and twists the coronavirus spikes relative to one another, and we then next arrive at the rotational diffusivity of the coronavirus particle in suspension, from first principles. We learn that the triangularity of the coronavirus spike bulb decreases its rotational diffusivity. For a typical peplomer population of 74, bulb triangularity decreases the rotational diffusivity by

Peplomer bulb shape and coronavirus rotational diffusivity.

Recently, the rotational diffusivity of the coronavirus particle in suspension was calculated, from first principles, using general rigid bead-rod theory [M. A. Kanso, Phys. Fluids 32, 113101 (2020)]. We did so by beading the capsid and then also by replacing each of its bulbous spikes with a single bead. However, each coronavirus spike is a glycoprotein trimer, and each spike bulb is triangular. In this work, we replace each bulbous coronavirus spike with a bead triplet, where each bead of the triplet is charged identically. This paper, thus, explores the role of bulb triangularity on the rotational diffusivity, an effect not previously considered. We thus use energy minimization for the spreading of triangular bulbs over the spherical capsid. The latter both translates and twists the coronavirus spikes relative to one another, and we then next arrive at the rotational diffusivity of the coronavirus particle in suspension, from first principles. We learn that the triangularity of the coronavirus spike bulb decreases its rotational diffusivity. For a typical peplomer population of 74, bulb triangularity decreases the rotational diffusivity by 39 % .

Leukocyte blue: Green death crystals: Early mortality marker in blood film

Aims & Objectives: Called by many names (critical green inclusions, intra cytoplasmic green granules, and inform allyas crystals of death and green crystal of death) blue-green cytoplasmic inclusions in neutrophils are rarely seen on blood smears, but when present, mostly indicate a poor prognosis and impending death. They are refractive and irregular in shape, and are occasionally found in mono cytes also. This is a case report of a patient with a cute pancreatit is with pulmonary embolism whose blood smear demonstrated the deathcrystals. This case report aims to shed light on a rare finding of blue-green cytoplasmic inclusions associated with mortality in a case of acute pancreatitis. Patients/Materials & Methods: A 27-year-old male, symptomatic since last 20 days presented with epigastricpainabdo men, with spikes of fever. CT scan revealed diffusely oedematous pancreas with[ 50% necrosis and pulmonary thromboembolism. Patient was COVID negative and required in tubation for acutelung injury and shortness of breath. Patient's past medical history was significant for chronic alcoholintake. Results: Sepsis markers and coagulation profile were marked lyelevated with deranged LFT and KFT values. CBC showed neutrophilia withd imorphicanaemia. Evaluation of peripheralsmear demonstrated blue-green inclusions ''crystals'' in the neutrophils and monocytes. These findings were acknowledged but not reported. Patient succumbed to death due to refractory septic shock caused by severe acute pancreatitis with pulmonary thromboembolism, shortly after finding the ''death crystals'' in the neutrophils and monocytes. Discussion & Conclusion: Condition of most patients with ''Death Crystals'' decline rapidly and death is imminent;this fact gives credibility to the importance of reporting these inclusions particularly in the case of sepsis, shock and SIRS. Further study of these blue-green crystals is necessary to evaluate the nature of the irappearance and the outcomef or the patient, which is yet to be understood completely. Though discussions are still ongoing regarding the importance of reporting these novelty findings, we propose that these inclusion bodies are associated with high mortality, and thus should be reported to the clinicians to facilitate a more diligent management of suchcases.

Application of machine learning time series analysis for prediction COVID-19 pandemic

Purpose: Coronavirus disease is an irresistible infection caused by the respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was first found in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and has since spread universally, causing a constant pandemic. On June 3, 2020, 6.37 million cases were found in 188 countries and regions. During pandemic prevention, this can minimize the impact of the disease on individuals and groups. A study was carried out on coronavirus to observe the number of cases, deaths, and recovery cases worldwide within a specific time period of 5 months. Based on this data, this research paper will predict the future spread of this infectious disease in human society. Methods: In our study, the dataset was taken from WHO “Data WHO Coronavirus Covid-19 cases and deaths-WHO-COVID-19-global-data”. This dataset contains information about the observation date, provenance/state, country/region, and latest updates. In this article, we implemented several forecasting techniques: naive method, simple average, moving average, single exponential smoothing, Holt linear trend method, Holt-Winters method and ARIMA, for comparison, and how these methods improve the Root mean square error score. Results: The naive method is best suited as described over all other methods. In the ARIMA model, utilizing grid search, we recognized a lot of boundaries that delivered the best-fit model for our time series data. By continuing the model, future predictions of death cases indicate that the number of deaths will increased by more than 600,000 by January 2021. Conclusion: This survey will support the government and experts in making arrangements for what is about to happen. Based on the findings of instantaneous model, these models can be adjusted to guide long time. © 2020, Sociedade Brasileira de Engenharia Biomedica.